CardiovascularNew Study Measures Benefits Of More Involved Fathers
Family service agencies are missing huge opportunities to help children by focusing only on mothers and ignoring fathers, according to a groundbreaking study by some of the nation"s top family and child development researchers.
The scientific study, which is being published in the Journal of Marriage and the Family, found that when mothers and fathers enrolled together in 16-week sessions to work on their relationships as parents and partners, their children were much less likely to show signs of depression, anxiety and hyperactivity.
"The vast majority of family services -- from parenting classes to home visits -- are really aimed at mothers, while fathers are almost completely overlooked," explained Dr. Kyle Pruett, clinical professor of psychiatry at the Yale School of Medicine and a co-author of the study. "The research is clear that the best way to create a healthy environment for children is to engage dads and moms together."
According to the most recent census statistics, one in three children grow up without fathers. For low-income families, that percentage is even greater. Previous research has found that kids with absent fathers are more likely to suffer from psychological problems, drug addiction or incarceration in their lifetime. The new study is especially relevant at a time when President Obama is calling on fathers to take more responsibility and when economic distress is expected to put more pressure on young fathers and their families.
The Supporting Father Involvement study represents the first randomized, controlled clinical trial focused on encouraging father involvement in low- and middle-income families. It looked specifically at what happens when family re agencies actively encourage fathers to become more involved in parenting their young children and when those agencies offer programs that help fathers foster positive relationship and parenting styles.
The study compared father-only and father-mother interventions with each other, and against a control group, and evaluated the impacts on parents and children. Highlights from the research include:
-- The behavioral and psychological involvement of fathers significantly increased when fathers were given the tools to be more effective parents alone or with the mothers.
-- Parenting stress decreased when fathers and mothers participated in the groups together.
-- While distress in couple relationships grew predictably in both the control and fathers-only groups, when fathers and mothers went through the groups together, the quality of their relationships as couples remained stable for more than a year after the groups ended.
-- Children of fathers who went through the program alone or with the mothers were much less aggressive, hyperactive, depressed or socially withdrawn than children of fathers in the control group.
"The bottom line is that parents experienced reduced stress and anxiety when fathers were given parenting and relationship tools and encouragement, especially along-side mothers," explained Carolyn Pape Cowan, Professor of Psychology Emerita at the University of California, Berkeley, who also co-authored the study. "And children clearly benefited because moms and dads were happier and healthier."
The research was funded by the California Department of Social Services Office of Child Abuse Prevention, with additional support from the Stuart Foundation, and gathered evidence from family re centers in five California counties: Yuba, Tulare, Contra Costa, Santa Cruz and San Luis Obispo. The researchers note in their paper that the factors that contribute to more violent behavior in the home are exacerbated when families experience greater economic stress, as they do today, making this research especially timely and relevant.
Fenton Communications