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Cell Self Digestion Pathway Is Mechanism Behind Cancer Tumor Suppression
"Taking out the trash" takes on a whole new meaning, as investigators at The Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ) and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, have discovered that a waste disposal protein is the key to cancer tumor suppression in a process known as autophagy. CINJ is a Center of Excellence of UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
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Sexually Transmitted HPV Linked To Certain Head & Neck Cancers; Roswell Park Cancer Institute Researchers Say Boys Need To Be Vaccinated Too
Researchers at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI) in Buffalo, New York, are strongly advocating a national discussion about the need to vaccinate both young men and women against HPV 16 to prevent head & neck cancers. The call comes amid growing evidence that certain cancers of the head and neck are strongly linked to HPV 16, a specific strain of the human papillomavirus (HPV) that is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. It is estimated that approximately 70% of Americans, both men and women, will be infected with HPV at some point in their lives.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Repair Heart
In a proof-of-concept study, Mayo Clinic investigators have demonstrated that induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be used to treat heart disease. iPS cells are stem cells converted from adult cells. In this study, the researchers reprogrammed ordinary fibroblasts, cells that contribute to scars such as those resulting from a heart attack, converting them into stem cells that fix heart damage caused by infarction. The findings appear in the current online issue of the journal Circulation.
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Reducing Blood Loss After THR

Post-operative anaemia is a recognised complication of total hip replacement and can increase the length of hospital stay, delay rehabilitation and is poorly tolerated by patients with vascular disease. Current practice sees homologous blood transfusion commonly used to correct blood loss, however, it is associated with risk of infection, viral transmission, fluid overload and high cost. Thus various blood-conserving techniques are also used to reduce the need for homologous blood transfusion, of these fibrinolytic inhibitors, such as tranexamic acid have been shown to be cost-effective in reducing blood loss in surgery. However, the efficacy of tranexamic acid in THR remains uncertain and therefore this study investigated the effect of a standardised intravenous bolus dose of 1g of tranexamic acid, given at the induction of anaesthesia in patients undergoing THR and tested the potential prothrombotic effect by undertaking routine venography. In all, 36 patients received 1g of tranexamic acid and 37 no tranexamic acid, with blood loss measured directly per-operatively and indirectly post-operatively. The tranexamic acid group required fewer transfusions and had no increased incidence of deep-vein thrombosis. The tranexamic acid was shown to reduce both early post-operative blood loss and total blood loss, but not the intra-operative blood loss. The reduction in early post-operative blood loss was more marked in women and this result was dose related. Therefore, the authors conclude that "the administration of a standardised pre-operative 1g of tranexamic acid was cost-effective in reducing the blood loss and transfusion requirements after total hip replacement, especially in women". Read the full text article. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery


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