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The Downside Of Microtubule Stability - Study Shows Stalled Microtubules Might Be Responsible For Some Cases Of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Stalled microtubules might be responsible for some cases of the neurological disorder Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, Tanabe and Takei report in the June 15, 2009 issue of the Journal of Cell Biology. A mutant protein makes the microtubules too stable to perform their jobs, the researchers find.
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Advanced Preventive Women's Clinic For Women With Menopause Symptoms Who Are At Risk For Heart Disease
Women who are at risk for heart disease and who are also experiencing menopause symptoms now have an added re a highly specialized clinic in the Division of Cardiology at the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute. The Advanced Preventive Women"s Clinic at the Women"s Heart Center recently opened and is offering comprehensive cardiac risk assessments designed specifically for women who are in menopause. The clinic also offers menopausal patients state-of-the-art screenings, as well as personalized medicine therapies and counseling, including high-risk hormone counseling.
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CDC Prioritizes H1N1 Vaccinations For Pregnant Women
When the H1N1 flu vaccine becomes available in the fall, pregnant women should be among the first groups vaccinated because of their high risk for serious complications, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expert panel said on Wednesday, the Washington Post reports. The 15-member committee advises CDC on vaccine policy. The priority list also includes caretakers of infants, health care workers, children and young adults, and older people with chronic conditions. Anthony Fiore, a physician and epidemiologist at CDC, told the committee that about 6% of H1N1 deaths and hospitalizations are among pregnant women (Brown, Washington Post, 7/30). According to a CDC study published online Wednesday in the journal Lancet, pregnant women who contract the H1N1 virus -- also known as "swine flu" -- are at least four times more likely to be hospitalized than other people with the virus, the AP/Google reports. The study analyzed the first 34 U.S. cases, including six deaths, in pregnant women from April to mid-June of 2009. Although it is not clear if pregnant women are more susceptible to the virus, they have a higher risk of complications after becoming infected. The study"s authors said pregnant women suspected of having H1N1 should be administered Tamiflu as soon as possible, prior to the completion of diagnostic testing. CDC"s Denise Jamieson, the lead author of the study, said that Tamiflu appears relatively safe for pregnant women, despite limited safety data on its use in that population.Most pregnant women who contract H1N1 have mild flu symptoms like a cough or fever, according to the World Health Organization. Jamieson said that CDC does not recommend specific precautions for pregnant women but that doctors should act quickly -- preferably within 48 hours -- if a pregnant woman shows symptoms. She added that the pregnant women who died were basically healthy, and nearly all had viral pneumonia before experiencing acute respiratory problems prior to their death (Cheng, AP/Google, 7/29).CDC"s priority groups include about 159 million people out of a total U.S. population of more than 300 million, the Chicago Tribune reports. The agency expects to have about 120 million doses of the vaccine by the end of October. Officials are confident there will be enough for their target groups because only 20% to 50% of those recommended to receive seasonal flu vaccines seek them out. However, if supplies of the vaccine are unexpectedly restricted, the panel recommended that a smaller group -- about 41 million of the most susceptible to adverse side effects from infection or most likely to spread the virus -- be given priority for the vaccine. This smaller group also includes pregnant women (Maugh, Chicago Tribune, 7/30).
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The Detection Of Metabolic Changes Several Years Prior To The Diagnosis Of Diabetes Could Help Screening And Prevention (WHITEHALL II Study)

The results of the WHITEHALL II study are published in an article Online First and in a future edition of The Lancet. The findings are presented at the same time at the American Association of Diabetes meeting in New Orleans, USA. The study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council, as well as other organisations. They indicate that insulin sensitivity and blood glucose trends are altered a few years before the start of type 2 diabetes. Onset could be considerably postponed if people could identify the early stages of disease progress. Dr Adam Tabē”k, of the University College London, and Dr Daniel Witte, of the University College London, UK, and the Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark, and collaborators studied 6,538 UK civil servants. None of them had type 2 diabetes at the beginning of the study, 71 percent were male and 91 percent were white. After an average monitoring of about ten years, 505 cases of diabetes were diagnosed. The researchers then evaluated data by looking back at the trajectories of blood glucose of pre-meal and after standard glucose test. They looked at insulin sensitivity which is the ability of tissues such as muscle and liver to respond sufficiently to insulin. They also assessed the function of the insulin-producing ļ²-cells of the pancreas. The results indicate that the metabolic changes followed linear trends in the participants without diabetes. The insulin secretion did not change during follow-up. In the participants that developed diabetes, a linear increase was seen in fasting glucose, followed by a sharp increase that started three years prior to the diagnosis of diabetes. In addition, post-meal glucose levels also showed a rapid increase, initiating three years before diagnosis. For the period of the five years prior to diagnosis, insulin sensitivity decreased abruptly. Between years four and three prior to diagnosis, ļ²-cell function increased, as the participant÷“s body tried to compensate for the raised glucose levels. Then it decreased in the three years up to diagnosis. The researchers explain: "The description of biomarker trajectories leading to diabetes diagnosis could contribute to future attempts of building more accurate risk-prediction models that use the wealth of repeated measures available for patients through regular check-ups. These models might give an indication of which trajectory best describes and individual"s results. We anticipate that these models will have a better prediction than those that use only the most recent glucose measurements." They write in conclusion: "Our findings show various opportunities for screening and prevention. Although most prevention studies focused on prediabetic people, our findings suggest that people with prediabetes are already on the steep part of the glucose trajectory. We hypothesise that prevention would be more effective before this unstable period, but more research is needed to successfully identify people at this stage of disease development. If a person could be kept on linear part of the fasting glucose (or post-load glucose) trajectory, the onset of diabetes might be substantially delayed. Further research is needed to confirm or refute these hypotheses." In a supplementary note, Dr David Matthews and Dr Jonathan Levy, of the Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, and of the University of Oxford, UK, remark: "Does this mean that we find those who are about to get diabetes - perhaps even three or four years ahead? We fear not. The sensitivity and specificity of the forward predictions would be poor...Now the hunt has to be intensified for the pathology that causes the decompensation that precipitates diabetes." "Trajectories of glycaemia, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: an analysis from the Whitehall II study" Adam G Tabē”k, Markus Jokela, Tasnime N Akbaraly, Eric J Brunner, Mika Kivimē¤ki, Daniel R Witte DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60619-X thelancet Written by Stephanie Brunner (B.A.) Copyright: Medical News Today Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today


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